Types of Lupus

When people use the term “lupus,” they are often referring to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, lupus can take several different forms. The four main types are systemic lupus erythematosus, cutaneous lupus, drug-induced lupus, and neonatal lupus.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

SLE is the most common form of lupus. It can affect multiple parts of the body, including the skin, joints, kidneys, lungs, heart, blood, and brain. Symptoms and severity can vary greatly from person to person and may come and go in periods called flares and remission.

Cutaneous Lupus

Cutaneous lupus primarily affects the skin and can cause different types of rashes and lesions. Discoid lupus is a chronic form that can cause raised, disc-shaped sores, particularly on the face and scalp. These lesions may lead to permanent scarring, changes in skin color, or hair loss.

Drug-Induced Lupus

Drug-induced lupus is a lupus-like condition caused by certain prescription medications. Its symptoms can resemble SLE, including joint or muscle pain, fatigue, and fever, but major organ involvement is uncommon. Symptoms usually improve after the medication causing the condition is discontinued, although this should always be done under the direction of a healthcare professional.

Neonatal Lupus

Neonatal lupus is a rare condition affecting newborns. It is not the same as SLE; it occurs when certain antibodies from a mother pass through the placenta and affect the baby. Babies may develop a skin rash, liver problems, or low blood cell counts, which generally resolve within several months. In rare cases, neonatal lupus can cause congenital heart block, a serious heart rhythm problem that may require a pacemaker.

Understanding the different types of lupus helps us recognize that lupus does not look the same for everyone. Awareness, early evaluation, and appropriate medical care can make a difference.

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